This study attempts to utilize the historical spatial data on flood … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites background. Flood hazard zones using 2d hydrodynamic modeling and remote sensing approaches. Increasing frequency and severity of flooding demands identification of flood hazard zones in Kalilangan, Bukidnon in response to the echoing need of better disaster preparedness via enhancing the … Expand.
View 2 excerpts, cites methods. Proceedings Remote sensing and hydrological models are one of the foremost tools for rapid and comprehensive study of flood hazards and disasters in any parts of the world. Current study is focused on … Expand. View 1 excerpt, cites methods. This study formulates a new method for flood mapping, while remote sensing technology and flood modelling methods areirrelevant due to unavailability of data. Bad weather and temporal resolution … Expand.
Impervious surface cover Surfaces that impede the natural infiltration of water and enhance surface runoff are classified as impervious surfaces. Associated with urbanization and construction of pavements, roads and buildings, impervious surfaces play an important role in surface runoff and the transport of contaminants. Remote sensing has been used as an effective technique to map impervious surfaces using spectral characteristics of surfaces In surface runoff estimation, impervious surfaces are classified as hydraulically connected.
The hydraulically connected surfaces such as parking lots and roads are connected to the drainage system where runoff from such surfaces leads to the drainage network.
Those surfaces such as roof-tops are classified as hydraulically not connected. Rainwater from rooftops can fall into the impervious surface area such as grass hence termed as disconnected. The resulting storm runoff from such surfaces can be lower than the hydraulically connected impervious surface areas. Soil Water And Drought Monitoring For Early-Warnings With the advent of grid-based remotely-sensed rainfall data, the application of crop water balance models for crop monitoring and yield forecasting has gained increased acceptance by various international, national and local organizations around the world.
Soil water is a key state variable in hydrological modelling and determines the partitioning of rainfall into runoff and deep percolation, and also controls the rate of evapotranspiration ET.
Although the estimation of actual evapotranspiration ETa is the ultimate goal of many researchers for hydrological and agronomical applications, it is often difficult to quantify and requires expensive instrumentation. However, hydrological modeling techniques are used to estimate ETa.
The two basic modelling techniques to estimate ETa are based on either energy balance Bastiaanssen et al. For monitoring large areas using remotely sensed data, the water balance approach provides an operational advantage in terms of data availability. While the energy balance models are mainly driven by the thermal data, the water balance models are driven by rainfall. Naturally, cloud cover is an issue to provide daily estimates of ETa on rain-fed agriculture from the energy balance models.
On the other hand, availability of satellite-derived rainfall data at various temporal and spatial scales makes the operational estimation of ETa using a water balance model a relatively easy task for various decisions making in agriculture and natural resources. A value of indicates all the crop demand has been met while values less than 50 generally indicates a severe water shortage that could lead to complete failure of the crop. Values between 50 and will indicate different degrees of crop stress and yield reductions from the shortage of adequate supply.
FAO studies have shown that WRSI can be related to crop production using a linear yield-reduction function specific to a crop. Meyer et al. Furthermore, Senay ,et. The seasonal crop water requirement satisfaction index for a crop is based on the water supply and demand that crop experiences during a growing season.
It is calculated as the ratio of seasonal actual evapotranspiration 4. A can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential impacts effects of proposed projects plans, programmes or legislative actions relative to the physical, chemical, biological, cultural and socioeconomic components of the total environment. An EIA identifies measures also to minimize the adverse impacts to improve the project viability. GIS is an ideal tool for environmental monitoring.
GIS is used to a much smaller degree as an active component of environmental monitoring systems. Environmental monitoring and GIS are more closely related.
All in all, GIS will be a component of every environmental monitoring system within the next few years. GIS provides a valuable tool for information analysis, automated mapping and data integration. The GIS tools are easy to access large volumes of data.
Remote sensing is the technique of deriving information about objects on the surface of the earth without physically coming into contact with them. The use of GIS in EIA process is common for scoping in terms of time and money relative to the time and budgets allocated for EIA preparation and especially for scoping studies.
Most of the environmental issues can be handled properly with the use of GIS techniques Schaller, Despite having huge importance, world forests have been declining at an alarming rate. This information is crucial for the development of forest management plans and in the process of decision making to ensure that effective policies should be put in place to control and govern the manner in which forest resources can be utilized. In this context, satellite remote sensing is an ideal tool that offers information over large areas and at short time intervals, which can be utilized in various phases of disaster management, such as prevention, preparedness, relief, reconstruction, early warning and monitoring.
Along with remote sensing, GIS techniques are required to handle huge spatial data sets and hence have been gaining importance in disaster management. Early detection of pollution-prone sites and quick response can go a long way in preventing pollution occurrences.
Also, the extent of pollution coverage e. Conclusion With the rising pressure on the use of natural resources due to the increasing human population, remote sensing and GIS can be used to manage these precious limited resources in an effective and efficient manner. Geospatial information is quite useful in the identification and analysis of factors that affect the utilization of these resources.
Hence, with a detailed understanding of these factors, sound decisions could be reached in order to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources to meet the needs of the current as well as future generations. Lo Albert. Young, Prentice Hall India Publications. Remote Sensing and Geographical Information systems by M. Kumar, Laxmi Publications. MC Donnell, Oxford Publishers Map Language 2. Photogrammetry 3. Remote Sensing — Basic Principles 4.
Microwave Remote sensing 5. Remote sensing Platforms and sensors 6. Visual Images Interpretation 7. Digital Images Processing 8. Global positioning system GPS 9. Fundamentals of GIS Spatial data Modeling GIS data Management
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